Excerpts

Assessment of publication bias The Cochran’s Q statistic was highly significant (Q = 1.8 × 10 6 , P = 0.000), indicating substantial heterogeneity among the studies.

Highly significant differences in AUDPC values ( p = 0.00) were observed for the treatments, with disease progression monitored weekly.

These compositional correlations are, in all cases, positive and highly significant ( p -values ≈ 0).

In terms of the efficacy of each treatment in reducing Xcc symptoms, which was calculated based on the symptom severity scores as described in section 2.9, analysis of our data revealed a very highly significant difference between the treatments ( p = 0.000) ( Figure 10 ).

The inverse Simpson index also revealed a highly significant difference between sample types (Kruskal-Wallis H = 12.86, p = 0), with hosts demonstrating greater community diversity compared to ticks.

coli showed highly significant differences in all seasons (p = 0.000), while K. pneumoniae differed significantly in summer ( p = 0.016) and winter ( p = 0.045) but not fall. 3.2.

This overlap was determined to be highly significant ( p = 4.6 × 10 −146 , Fisher’s exact test) with an odds ratio of 43.0.

We measured the relative abundance of the total ether-linked lipids and observed a highly significant elevation ( p -value = 2.94E-38) of total ether-linked lipids at 48 h post virus infection ( Figure 5C ).

However, in this present study, when the tRNA genes were considered as a concatenated sequence, the lack of transposon insertions was highly significant ( P -value = 10 −21 ), thus supporting their essentiality.

The effective degrees of freedom (edf) for the smoothing term were 8.918, and the corresponding F-statistic and p -value indicated that the smoothing term was highly significant ( p -value < 2e-16).

The above nearly significant interaction, when comparing the 50 vs. 100% treatments, is marginal in comparison to the differences in density across weeks ( z = −16.916, p < 2e-16).

Results from Figure 3 showed a highly significant difference in MIC values among the treatments (χ 2 = 270.89, df = 5, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), with a very large effect size (ε 2 = 0.85, 95% CI [0.80, 0.89]).

The difference between the nuclear area of cells from infected and uninfected plants was highly significant (based on the Brown–Mood median test, p = 2.2e-16), and the nuclear area of cells from P. brassicae -infected plants was 2.8 times bigger based on the median size.

Observed richness did not significantly differ by diet regimen ( F = 0.296; p = 0.746) but sample type was highly significant ( F = 106.45; p = 4.38 × 10 –16 ; Figure 4 ).

One-way analysis of variance confirmed a highly significant difference in spore concentrations among all strains ( p = 2.36 × 10 –10 ; Supplementary Table 2 ).

coli presence was highly significant ( p -value = 1.39E-09), the effect was very small.

The association of this subset of taxa with the target phenotype was highly significant ( p -value < 10 –8 ).

Using the selected model, the R, G, B variable coefficients ± SEM were all found to be highly significant ( p < 10 −8 ) and estimated at β 1 = 0.080 ± 0.0152, β 2 = −0.722 ± 0.0174, β 3 = 0.543 ± 0.0140, respectively, implying a minor contribution of the R variable to positive pixel predictability and a substantial but reciprocal effect of the G and B variables.

Both the integrated fluorescence intensities, which represent the amount of DNA per nucleoid ( Figures 3B,D and Table 1 , columns 11 and 12), and the measurements of nucleoid lengths ( Table 1 , columns 13 and 14) indicate that the difference in DNA between small and large deeply-constricted cells at the fast growth rate is highly significant ( p < 10 -8 , as determined by a two-tail t -test); at the slow growth rate, the difference remains significant, but just barely ( p = 0.035).

Such a difference would be highly significant for independent species (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, p < 3 ∗ 10 -8 ).

However, during the incubation period, their proportion increased on plant leaves (4–17%) and even highly significant in the case of samples from surrounding abiotic surfaces (0–25%; two-way ANOVA P = 1.1 ∗ 10 -7 ).

Statistical comparison confirmed these differences as highly significant: In versus IS (Wilcoxon test, p = 7.50 × 10 −7 , ****), and IS versus Tn ( p = 4.25 × 10 −3 , **).

All comparisons were highly significant ( p < 0.000001), confirming that the antimicrobial effect of PAW was not transient and was maintained within 24 h storage.

The proportion of infection (clear spots) in 63 microviruses of the collection previously reported ( Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2021 ) showed a significant trend to infect R. etli over R. phaseoli (two-samples t-test p = 2 × 10 −6 ; Figures 2B , C ).

We found that the expression of IL2RG, used by all common gamma chain cytokines, exhibited a highly significant upregulation pattern in SIV compared to control ( p = 0.000045), and in SIV/Meth compared to SIV ( p = 0.0001).