Intestinal Parasite Community Dynamics in the Critically Endangered Chinese Alligator (<i>Alligator sinensis</i>): Multifactorial Insights From 18S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing.

For NEM‐targeted parasites, the relative abundance of Ancylostoma ( W = 42.88, p = 5.83e‐11) showed a significant rise in the Xuancheng locality, accompanied by a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of Trichinella ( W = 58.93, p = 1.63e‐14) (Figure 2E ). 3.3 Variations in Gut Parasite Abundance and Diversity of Chinese Alligators Across Feeding Regimens, Age and Climates Our analysis of both α‐diversity and β‐diversity unveiled that Chinese alligators under different feeding regimens exhibited significant differences in the richness and community structure of intestinal parasites, with these differences being evident for both EUK‐targeted (eukaryotic parasites) and NEM‐targeted (nematode) parasite groups (Figure 3A,B ).

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From a developmental perspective, the abundances of Arthropoda exhibited an increasing trend with host maturation ( W = 8.34, p = 0.016), while Cercozoa and Ciliophora gradually declined ( W = 7.46, p = 0.024 and W = 8.65, p = 0.031, respectively).

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Notably, community diversity (Shannon, Simpson) exhibited statistically significant spatial variation among sampling localities solely in NEM‐specific analyses (Shannon: F = 53.68, p = 1.626e‐11; Simpson: F = 44.68, p = 4.902e‐10), whereas EUK‐based comparisons failed to reach statistical significance (Figure 2A and Figure S1C ).

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