Nonlinear relationship between cardiometabolic index and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: the mediating role of percent body fat.

Furthermore, our analysis of the relationship between lumbar vertebral bone density and fat mass quartiles revealed a gradual decline in bone density with increasing body fat percentage quartiles from Q1 (lowest) to Q4 (highest), with a significant trend observed (p-value < 0.001).

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In the gender subgroups, there was a decreasing trend in bone mineral density levels for both men [-0.017 (-0.026, -0.008), p = 0.001] and women [-0.012 (-0.024, -0.001), p < 0.074].

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Moreover, the trend of decreasing BMD among participants as CMI quartiles ascended was highly significant.

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