Influence of climate variability and land cover dynamics on the spatio-temporal NDVI patterns in western hydrological regions of Bangladesh.

A positive value of Z indicates a positive trend and negative value of Z indicates a downward trend.

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If the data are located on the upper triangle of the ideal line, there exists an increasing trend.

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Similarly, data points on the lower triangular area suggests a decreasing trend [ 83 ]. 2.4.3 PET calculation In regions where meteorological variables are scarce, the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation is used to calculate Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) [ 109 ] as it needs less climatic data as variables [ [110] , [111] , [112] ].

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